How does vastus medialis muscle activation vary with increasing knee extensor torque during isometric contractions?

Refrence list

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Farina, D., Merletti, R., Indino, B., Nazzaro, M. and Pozzo, M., 2002. Surface EMG crosstalk between knee extensor muscles: experimental and model results. Muscle & Nerve: Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine26(5), pp.681-695.

Hashemi, J., Morin, E., Mousavi, P. and Hashtrudi-Zaad, K., 2014. Enhanced dynamic EMG-force estimation through calibration and PCI modeling. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering23(1), pp.41-50.

Herbert, R.D. and Gandevia, S.C., 1995. Changes in pennation with joint angle and muscle torque: in vivo measurements in human brachialis muscle. The Journal of physiology484(2), pp.523-532.

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Liu, P., Liu, L. and Clancy, E.A., 2015. Influence of joint angle on EMG-torque model during constant-posture, torque-varying contractions. IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering23(6), pp.1039-1046. 

Muddle, T.W., Colquhoun, R.J., Magrini, M.A., Luera, M.J., DeFreitas, J.M. and Jenkins, N.D., 2018. Effects of fatiguing, submaximal high‐versus low‐torque isometric exercise on motor unit recruitment and firing behavior. Physiological reports6(8), p.e13675. 

Murphy, J., Hodson-Tole, E., Vigotsky, A.D., Potvin, J.R., Fisher, J.P. and Steele, J., 2021. Motor unit recruitment patterns of the quadriceps differ between continuous high-and low-torque isometric knee extension to momentary failure. bioRxiv, pp.2021-04.

Sakai, N., Luo, Z.P., Rand, J.A. and An, K.N., 2000. The influence of weakness in the vastus medialis oblique muscle on the patellofemoral joint: an in vitro biomechanical study. Clinical Biomechanics15(5), pp.335-339.

Stock, M.S., Beck, T.W., DeFreitas, J.M. and Dillon, M.A., 2010. Linearity and reliability of the EMG amplitude versus dynamic torque relationships for the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles. Electromyography and Clinical Neurophysiology50(2), pp.97-106.

Stock, M.S., Drusch, A.S. and Thompson, B.J., 2014. The minimum number of contractions required to examine the EMG amplitude versus isometric force relationship for the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology24(6), pp.827-834. 

Yuan, H. and Kim, M.K., 2025. Neuromuscular dynamics during isometric knee contractions: effects of target force, knee angle, and tibial rotation on force steadiness. Scientific Reports15(1), p.13773.

Zhang, L., Li, Z., Hu, Y., Smith, C., Farewik, E.M.G. and Wang, R., 2020. Ankle joint torque estimation using an EMG-driven neuromusculoskeletal model and an artificial neural network model. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering18(2), pp.564-573. 

Zhang, L., Soselia, D., Wang, R. and Gutierrez-Farewik, E.M., 2023. Estimation of joint torque by EMG-driven neuromusculoskeletal models and LSTM networks. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering31, pp.3722-3731. 

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